Taylor+K

Wiki Assignment #10-Biomolecules
Carbohydrates

1. Carbohydrates are made up of sugars. In carbohydrates, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen bond together. 2. Carbohydrates are the main energy source for the body. 3. Examples of carbohydrates are glucose and sucrose.

Proteins

1. Proteins are made up of 20 different amino acids. 2. Some proteins provide structural support, some help fight off germs, and some speed up chemical reactions. 3. Examples of proteins are glysine and hemogloblin.

Lipids

1. Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, and phospholipids. Like carbohydrates they are also made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. 2. Lipids are mainly an energy reserve. The fats can be used as stored energy, insulate the body from extreme temperature changes and as a protective cushion for some of our organs. 3. Examples of lipids are glycerol and cholesterol.

Nucleic Acids

1. Nucleic acids are made up of pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate. 2. Nucleic acids can store genetic information and transfer information from cells to other parts of the body. 3. Two examples of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA.

Wiki Assignment #9-Concentrated vs. Dilute and Strong vs. Weak
1. A concentrated solution is a solution that contains a large amount of solute relative to the amount that could dissolve. A dilute solution is a solution that has just a little amount of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent.

2. A strong acid is an acid that is completely dissociated in an aqueous solution. A weak acid is an acid that is partially dissociated in an aqueous solution.

3. In a concentrated solution of a strong acid HA there are many seperate H+ and A- ions. In a dilute solution of a strong acid HA there are not as many seperate H+ and A- ions. In a concentrated solution of a weak acid HA there are many bonded pairs of H+ and A- ions. In a dilute solution of a weak acid HA there are few bonded pairs of H+ and A- ions.

Wiki Assignment #8-Equilibrium 2
Once a chemical system has reached equilibrium the concentrations of all reactants and products remain constant with time because the number of products converting to reactants is equal to the number of reactants converting to products. The forward and reverse reactions are occuring at the same rate. This constancy of concentration does not contradict our picture of equilibrium as being dynamic because the reaction is still going on. There is just no change in the concentrations.

The equilibrium expression is written as the concentrations of the products raised to their coefficients divided by the concentrations of the reactants raised to their coefficients. The concentration of each reactant and product is inside its own bracket and the coefficient it is raised to is on the outside of each bracket. Solids and liquids are not included in the equilibrium expression. 1. 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) <---> 2SO3 (g) K= [SO3]^2 / [SO2]^2 [O2]

2. 2O3 (g) <---> 3O2 (g) K= [O2]^3 / [O3]^2

3. H2 (g) + F2 (g) <---> 2HF K= [HF]^2 / [H2] [F2]

Homogeneous: 2H2O (g) <---> 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) K= [H2]^2 [O2] / [H2O]^2

Heterogeneous: PCl5 (s) <---> PCl3 (l) + Cl2 (g) K= [Cl2]

Wiki Assignment #5-Investigating Solubility and Immiscibility
Oil spills are really hard to clean up. They cause a lot of damage to the shorelines and marine life such as whales, fish, sea otters and birds. There are several ways an oil spill can be cleaned up. One way is when devices called booms are placed near the tanker that is spilling oil. The booms will absorb any oil flowing around it. Skimmers are also used to clean up oil spills. These are boats that remove oil off the water using sorbents or sponges that collect the oil. In order to clean oil off the beaches, people can spray the oil with high or low pressure hoses. Vaccuum trucks may also be used to drive on the beaches and suck up the oil.

Solubiltiy is the property of how much of a solute will dissolve in a solvent. Rate of dissolution is how long it takes a solid or liquid to break down and form a homogeneous mixture. For solids, a higher temperature means a higher solubility. For gases, a higher temperature means a lower solubility. With a higher temperature, the rate of dissolution increases because the solute dissolves faster. Stirring does not change solubility. Stirring however, increases rate of dissolution because the particles are breaking. As surface area increases solubility increases as well as rate of dissolution.

Wiki Assignment #4-Wonderful Water
1. Water is found in all three physical states. The three states are liquid, solid which is ice, and gas which is steam. This is unusual compared to other molecules because water is the only molecule found in all three states.

2. Water's freezing point is 32 degrees fahrenheit. This means water turns to ice when the temperature is 32 degrees F or lower. This melting point is unusually high compared to other molecules.

3. The density of water is 1 gram per cubic centimeter. Density is the mass per unit volume. Any substance with a lower density than water floats and any substance with a higher density than water sinks.

4. Water's surface tension is high compared to other molecules. The surface tension of water at 20 degress C is 73 dynes/cm. Surface tension is the energy that causes the surface of a liquid to be attracted to a surface on another liquid.

5. The speed of sound in water is 1480 m/s. The speed of sound in water compared to other molecules depends on the other molecule's physical state.


 * 1,2,3 found [|here] #4,5 found [|here]

Wiki Assignment #3-Global Warming
The greenhouse effect is earth's rise in temperature due to greenhouses gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water and ozone. The gas molecules in the atmosphere absorb radiant energy from the sun which causes the surface of the earth to get hotter. For the gas molecules with more than two atoms, the charge can get distorted. If the charge is shifting at the same frequency as the radiant energy, it will absorb the energy. The earth will emit the right amount of infrared for the greenhouse gases but there is a good chance the infrared is directed back down toward earth causing a warming at the surface.

I have heard the polar bears in the arctic region are in danger of extinction because of global warming. Apparently the ice caps they live on are melting and they will lose many sources of food due to global warming. I have also heard that humans and pollution are not the reason for global warming. I have heard this warming is just a natural part of a cycle for the world.

Wiki Assignment #2-Ideal Gases in the Real World
Boyle's Law: An example of Boyle's law I have observed is the popping of ears at high altitudes. Boyle's law states if the temperature of a gas remains the same, the pressure and volume are inversely related. We feel pain in our ears when we are ascending in an airplane because we are going from high pressure, which is what our ears are used to, to low pressure. As the air pressure decreases the particles of air inside our ear push out which strains our ears. As the air pressure decreases, the volume of air inside our ear increases.

Charles's Law: An example of Charles's law is bread rising. Charles's law states that if the pressure of a gas is constant, the volume and temperature are directly proportional. Warm yeast and sugar produce carbon dioxide. As the carbon dioxide warms it expands causing the bread to rise. The carbon dioxide expands because it's warm causing the particles to speed up and create need for more volume. The temperature of the carbon dioxide increases so the volume does as well.

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Avogadro's Law: An example of Avogadro's law is blowing up a balloon. Avogadro's law states that a gas at a constant temperature and pressure, the gas' volume is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas. When someone blows up a balloon they are increasing the volume of air in the balloon and the moles of air increases with the volume.