Jacob+D

=Wiki ASSIGNMENT 10: BIOMOLECULES= = = =WIKI ASSIGNMENT 9: CONCENTRATED vs. DILUTE and STRONG vs. WEAK= 1. a) a concentrated solution has many moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution. b) a dilute solution has a little amount of moles dissolved per liter of solution.
 * carbohydrates:** made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules. Their function is to provide the body with energy. When they are broke down, energy is released into the body. Two types of carbs are monosaccharides, which contain one unit of sugar, and disaccharides, which contain two units of sugar. Two examples of these are bread and pasta.
 * proteins:** made up of amino acids. Amino acids contain two functional groups, amine and carboxylic acids. Proteins can carry oxygen to different parts of the body and they can also store energy in the body. Two examples that contain protein are meat and eggs.
 * lipids:** made of fats, waxes, sterols, and vitamins. Their function is to store energy in the body. One example of a lipid are triglycerides, which are fat molecules that are, when stored in the body, stored as energy. Another example of a lipid is a phospholipid, which help in the formation of strong cells.
 * nucleic acids:** made up of monomeric nucleotides. Their function is to carry genetic information. Two examples of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Both of thir jobs is to carry genetic information.

2. a) a strong acid solution completely reacts with water. All of the acid splits into it's ions: HA + H2O --> H3O+ + A-. The forward reaction dominates because the conjugate base is very weak, which means it is unwilling to accept the proton back. b) a weak acid solution barely reacts with water. Not much of the acid's ions split up. It has a strong conjugate base, meaning it is willing to accept the proton back, making the reverse reaction dominate.

3. a) concentrated + strong: HA is completely reacted in water to form many H3O+ and A- ions. The solution is concentrated so there will be many of each ion b) concentrated + weak: HA barely reacts with water to form little H3O+ and A- ions, while remaining mostly HA. The solution is concentrated so there is a large amount of total molecules in the solutions. c) dilute + strong: HA completely reacts with water to form H3O+ and A- ions. because the solution is dilute, there is a little amount of total molecules in the solution. d) dilute + weak: HA barely reacts with water to form a little amount of H3O+ and A- ions, while remaining mostly HA. Because the solution is dilute, the overall total number of molecules in the solution is low.

WiKI ASSIGNMENT 8: EQUILIBRIUM 21. The concentrations of reactants and products remain constant with time once equilibrium is reached, due to the fact the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. This means the concentrations remain constant because the number of molecules is not changing in the substance. When chemical equilibrium is reached, there is no net change in the concentrations. Therefore it does not contradict the statement that equilibrium is dynamic. The reactions continue to occur at the same rate when chemical equilibrium is reached, which is why there is no net change. Equilibrium is still dynamic because it always continues.

2. The equilibrium expression for a chemical reaction is written as the concentrations of the products over the concentrations of the reactions with each substance's coefficients raised to that power (at equilibrium). This is all set equal to K, which is the equilibrium constant. This will look something like this: aA + bB <--> cC + dD K= [C]^c[D]^d/[A]^a[B]^a. the brackets represent the concentration of each substance.

ex. 2ICl (g) <-> I2 (g) + Cl2 (g) K= [I2][Cl2]/[ICl]^2

ex. 2Sb (g) + 3Cl2 (g) <--> 2SbCl3 (g) K= [SbCl3]^2/[Sb]^2[Cl2]^2

ex. 2So2 (g) + O2 (g) <--> 2So3 (g) K= [So3]^2/[So2]^2[O2]

3. Homogeneous equilibrium means each substance is uniform in it's state of matter, and heterogeneous means they are not. In a heterogeneous equilibrium, the solids and liquids are not included in the equilibrium constant because they're concentrations do not change.

ex. homogeneous: 2HgO (g) <--> Hg (g) + O2 (g) K= [Hg][O2]/[HgO]^2

ex. heterogeneous: C (s) + H2O (g) <--> CO (g) + H2 (g) K= [CO][H2]/[H2O] = = =WiKI ASSIGNMENT 7: EQUILIBRIUM= The example I thought of for an equilibrium reaction was a faucet running in a sink. If the hole in the bottom of a sink is open, I think this is a good example. As the water pours into the sink, it also exits the sink at the same rate. Chemical equilibrium is defined as a dynamic state where the concentrations of all reactants and products remain constant. In my situation, the water coming into the sink is the reactant and the product is the water exiting the sink. Because the two occur at the same rate, there appears to be no net change (although the water is still constantly flowing). This is the same in chemical equilibrium where the products and reactants remain constant. = = =​​​​​​Wiki ASSIGNMENT 6: REACTION RATES= []
 * Concentration**: In this video, 2 seperate concentrions of hydrogen peroxide are added to sodium iodide. The first time 3% hydrogen peroxide is added, and the second time 30% hydrogen peroxide is added. Because the concentration was increased significantly on the second test, the reaction occured much faster. A higher concentration means more molecules bumping into eachother, and therefore a faster reaction.

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 * Temperature:** In this video, 3 identical glowsticks are set in 3 different temperatures: one at room temp., one in ice, and one in hot water. The glowstick in the hot water started to glow much brighter than the other two, because the hotter it got the more the molecules would bump into eachother. The glowstick in the ice water was the most dim, because the low temperature slowed the speed of the molecules. The higher the temperature, the faster the reaction rate.


 * Catalyst:** During the conversion of SO2 into SO3 (sulfuric acid), the reaction is speeded up. This happens by adding a catalyst called vanadium oxide, or V2O5, during the contact period. Whenever a catalyst is added to a reaction, it decreases the amount of activation energy needed for the reaction to occur, and therefore increases the reaction rate.

[] = = = = = = =WIKI ASSIGNMENT 5: INVESTIGATING SOLUBILITY AND IMMISCIBILITY= = 1. Oil spills must first be contained, then they are able to be cleaned. First a boom, or oil collector, is placed around the spill to contain it. To extract the oil, multiple methods can be used. Sometimes skinners are used, which are boats the remove the oil off the water. Other times sorbents are used, which are sponges that absorb the oil. A third method to clean the oil spill is to drop chemicals on it that will break it up, causing it to evaporate faster. One more method rarely used is burning the oil off the water. This is not used very often because of the large amounts of thick, black smoke released. = = = = 2. __Solubility__- property of a solute that describes how much of it can be dissolved in a given amount of solbent. = = Temperature- An increase in temperature means an increase in solubility for solids, but the opposite for gases. = = Stirring- increases rate of dissolution = = Surface Area- Great surface area means greater rate of dissolution = = __Dissolution-__ How fast a solute dissolves in a solvent = = Temperature- increasing temperature increases rate of dissolution = = Stirring- increases rate of dissolution = = Surface Area- Solution can dissolve faster with a larger surface area = = = = = = = = WIKI ASSIGNMENT 4: WONDERFUL WATER = [|ht][] [] [] [] = = = WIKI ASSIGNMENT 3:A GLOBAL WARMING? =
 * Surface Area:** In this video, a lump of lycopodium powder is attempted to be burned by a bunson burner. For some reason the pile does not ignite. At a second try, the lycopodium powder is sprinkled of the bunson burner flame and it instantly ignites. This is because the surface area is increased around each particle of lycopodium powder. The more surface area available in the reaction, the faster the reaction rate.
 * boiling point: 100 C (212 F) - the temperature at which liquids boil. unusually high.**
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 * specific heat capacity: 4.187 kJ/KgK - heat energy required to raise the temperature of water by 1 degree K. unusually high
 * surface tension: 72.8 mN/m, at rooom temp. - property that causes the surface portion of a liquid to be attracted to another liquid. unusually high.
 * states of matter - certian forms that matter takes on ( solid, liquid, gas, or plasma). Water is the only substance that takes on the solid, liquid, and gas form.
 * amazing solvent - this is unusualy because water dissolves an unusually large # of substances

= = = = The greenhouse effect is when the suns rays pass through earth's atmosphere and are absorbed by earth's surface. As a result, earth's surface gets a little warmer. As the earth warms, it emits IR waves either back into spaces or back at the earths surface, depending on the elemnts it faces. Molecules like oxygen and nitrogen emit the IR waves back into space, while other more complex compounds can reflect the IR waves back towards earth's surface by stretching and bending. When this happens, heat is trapped inside earth's atmosphere, and the earth heats up.

-Global warming is a bunch of bologna. Scientists made it up to get more attention. -The earth is heating up and will keep heating up until it implodes from the inside out! -Glaciers are melting quickly which will flood the earth.

= = = = = = =WIKI ASSIGNMENT 2: IDEAL GASES **IN THE REAL WORLD** = [|__aerosol can explosion__]

This first video shows an aerosol can exploding in a fire. When the cans temperature increases, the gas inside the can moves faster, increasing the pressure. As the pressure
goes up and up, the force on the inside walls of the can gets larger. When they can't take it any more, the can will explode. This is why there's a warning on the side of the can.

[|pumping air into an excercise ball]

In this video, an attractive young woman is pumping air into an excercise ball. With each pump, gas particles are added to the ball and they will collide more with eacother and the inner walls. This causes an increase in pressure. This is represented by Boyle's Law.

[|cute balloon animals in liquid nitrogen]

In this video, an attractive young man places 4 animal shaped balloons into a beaker of liquid nitrogen. Charle's Law states that if the temperature of the gas decreases, the volume will also decrease. As each balloon is chilled in the beaker, it shrinks. When they are pulled out, they heat up again qhich inflates them back to their original shape.

WIKI ASSIGNMENT 1: TED TALK- ---> [|TED video] <--- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ I chose this talk because it seemed very interesting. i used to enjoy watching David Blaine on T.V. with my family a few years ago. The topic of magic also interests me, especially holding your breath for 17 minutes. David Blaine explains his preparations for the big task and the effects of lacking oxygen for 17 minutes. He talked about previous tasks and how he has been encouraged by these to take it to the next level. His life threatening stunts continue to amazing people around the world. I learned many things can be accomplished through correct preparation. I enjoyed the full 20 minute length of this video, and I definitly watch it again in the future! i recomend others watch it and learn how you are able to conquer obstacles that seem unconquerable.