Ryan+H

= = = = Ryan's Wikispace

__Assignment 1: TED Talk__
The TED talk video that I watched was about optical illusions of light by Beau Lotto. What he did is he had a bunch of different examples that he did on the audience and then after each example he would explain what was happening. He told them how we can see two completely different things with our eyes but the message our retnia sends to our brain makes them look the same. He also showed how our brain can be trained to see diferent things. he did this by having us look at two similar desert pictures and then by having us look at a dot in between a green and red sheet of paper for thirty seconds. Then we looked at a dot in between the desert pictures and it made them seem green and red. He said that by looking at the dot between the green and red paper our brain was trained that is was seeing red on the right side and green on the left so it made the right desert picture look red and the left one look green. I really liked this video because he had different visual examples that showed what he was talking about. I also liked how you could do the examples on the computer even though you were not at the speech and you did not just have to take someone's word for it. I also liked how he made everything understandable and made it so you could follow him the whole time without ever feeling lost. Another thing I liked about his speech is the subject matter because optical illusions have always fascinated me and he had some really cool examples in his speech. The final thing I liked about his speech is that he made it kid friendly he made it seem up beat, funny easy to follow, and he was able to hold my attention the whole time.

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 * __Assignment 2: Kinetic Molecular Theory:__**

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In the two pictures above you see a person blowing up a bounce castle and an inflated bounce castle. Thesse two pictures are prime examples of the kinetic molecular theory. The reason these two pictures are a prime example of the kinetic molecular theory is because as the person is blowing up the bounce castle she is adding more particles to the bounce castle. When she does this it causes all of the particles to start moving more rapidly and collide with each other more causing them to hit the sides of the walls more frequently thus causing the bounce castle to inflate.

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In the video clip shown above a bunch of college kids are having a campfire and one of the kids has brought a bottle of axe and he decides to throw it into the fire. All of the kids walk away and moments later BOOM it explodes! The reason this happened according to the kinetic molecular theory is becausethe contents had a change in temperature. When the kid threw the bottle of axe into the fire the temperature of the can went way up. This caused the particles in the can to start moving very quickly and to start hittting the sides of the can a lot more causing the pressure to continue to increase until the can ruptured and blew up.

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In the picture above a can of coke is overflowing. This reminds me of when kids shake up a can of pop and then open it and it over flows. The reason the can of pop fizzes over when opened is because when the kids shake it up it causes the particles to move around more. When the particles start to move around more is it causes more pressure on the can. So then when the person opens the can it causes a release of pressure causing everything to over flow.

1. The greenhouse effect works by radiant energies passsing through molecules such as Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen and striking the earth. When the radiant energy rays strike the earth they are absorbed by the earth causing the earth's atmosphere to get warmer. The warm objects in the earth's atmosphere emit the radiant energy in a set of wave lengths called infrared rays.When the infrared rays are emited they are absorbed by the green house gas molecules temporarily and then re re emitted in the direction they came from( the earth's warm surface). Note: the earth's surface emits the right frequencies of infrared rays for our greenhouse gas molecules( resonance) and then the molecules absorb and re emit the the infrared waves( as they stretch and bend) back down to the earth's surface causing a net warming.
 * __Assignment 3: Global Warming__**

2. __Statements__ A. More 4 or 5 level hurricanes are happening, the polar ice caps are shrinking, glaciers are melting, oceans are becoming more acidic, and trees are blooming faster because of Global Warming.- Barrack Obama B. People are a cause of Global warming.- BP C. Aersol cans are bad for the atmosphere and contribute to Global Warming. D. There was a global cooling in 1975.- wikipedia( So why are we know in a Global Warming? What changed?)

**__Assignment 4: Water__**
__Properties__ 1. Water is the only natural substance found in all three states( solid, liquid, and gas) at temperatures normally found on earth( This is unusually low). Definition: This means that you can find all three states of water on earth without having to change it to some extreme temperature. Cite:http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/waterproperties.html 2. Water can dissolve other substances(This is unusually high). Definition: This means that if you put something like sugar into water the water will cause it to dissolve or disappear. Cite:http://www.intelligentdesigntheory.info/unique_properties_of_water.htm 3. Water expands upon freezing by nine percent(This is unusually high). Definition:This means that when you freeze water it spreads out more. For example if you have water in a water bottle and it freezes then the water spreads out more causing the water bottle to expand. Cite:http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Earthscience/Hydrology/Hydrology/Generalities/UniqueProperties/UniqueProperties.htm 4. Water in a solid form is less dense that in a liquid form so it floats( This is unusually high). Definition:This means that if you put solid water or ice into liquid water it will float. For example putting ice into a glass of water the ice floats. Cite:http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/the-unusual-properties-of-water-molecules.html 5. Water has the highest surface tension of all liquids except for Mercury(This is unusually high). Definition: This means that when you place something on water it will essentially float. Cite:http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Earthscience/Hydrology/Hydrology/Generalities/UniqueProperties/UniqueProperties.htm

=__Assignment 6:Collison Theory__= 1. An example of how concentration affects reaction rate is for example if you have a crowded dance party going on then more people are going to bump into each other. And they are going to start moving faster. Where as if you had a less crowded dance party then not as many people are going to bump into each other and they are not going to move as fast. The effect of concentration on the rate of reaction in terms of the collison theory is that the more molecules you have the more they bump into each other and the faster the reaction becomes. The reason for this is because if they bump into each other in the right orientation and with the right amount of energy they will form new bonds. And since you have more molecules it is easier for them to collide and change. Cite:http://www.eoht.info/page/Collision+theory(note: they use night club instead of dance party)

2. An example of how heat affects reaction rate is that bread dough rises faster in warm places than cool ones. The4 reason for this is because in a cool place bread does not have as much energy but when you put it in a warm place the activation energy goes up giving it more energy allowing it to rise faster. This is an example of the collison theory because as the bread heats up its sugar molecules start moving faster and colliding with each other to form new bonds of CO2 and alchol thus making the bread rise.And the only way they could do this is because they have enough energy and are in the right orientation. Cite:http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/kinetics/faq/everyday-kinetics.shtml

3. An example of how a catalysts affects reaction rate is if you have a small fire nad then you add gasoline to it. It causes the fire to go up and the heat to increase drastically. This is an example of the collison theory because when you add the gasoline it gets the particles moving faster and colliding more thus causing them to break bonds and change more and faster. The only way they can do this is if they are in the right orientation and have the right amount of energy. Cite: myself

4. An example of how surface area affects reaction rate is this link: []

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=__Assignment 7: Equilibrium__= An example of equilibrium is a bottle of pop. This relates to chemical equilibrium because when you first open the bottle of pop it is pressurized. Then when you open it up it starts to fizz and release some of the pressure. Then after a while the fizzing goes down but not all of the pressure is released and there are still some chemical reactions going on inside of the pop. The reason you can not see them is because there is a forward and a reverse reaction going on betwwen particles coming into the pop making it more preesurized and particles going out making it less pressurized. And both of the reactions are happening at the same time so they cancel each other out. This also relates to LeChatlier's principle because you are relasing some pressure causing one side of the reaction to go faster and the other side to go slower.

=__Assignment 8: Equilibrium 2__= 1. The reason the concentrartion of all reactions and products stay constant with time when the concentration is at equilibrium is because according to the definition of chemical equilibrium is that it is a dynamic state where the concentrartions of all reactants and products remain constant. Also the forward and reverse reaction are occuring at the same time so there is no net change. and the concentration of each reaction is constant. The contancy of the concentration does not contradict our picture of equilibrium being constant because according to chemical equilibrium the concentrations are supposed to be constant.

2. You write an equilibrium expression by putting products over reactants. and you use k to express the equilibrium constant so it is k= [products]/[reactants]. the[ ] represent molarity or concentration. a. 2O3(g)<-> 3O2(g) k= [O2]3/[O3]2 b. H2(g) + F2(g) <-> 2HF k= [HF]2/ [H2] [F2] c. N2(g) + 3H2(g) <-> 2NH3(g) k= [ NH3]2]/[N2] [H2]3

3. Note: for heterogeneous equilibria pire solids and liquids are not included in the equilibrium expression. a. Heterogeneous: 2H2O(l) <-> 2H2(g) + O2(g) k= [H2]2 [O2] b. CaCO3 (s) <-> CaO (s) + CO2 (g) k= [CO2] [CaO]/ [CaCO3]

=__Assignment 9: Concentrated v. Dilute, Weak v. Strong__ 1. The difference between a concentrated and dilute solution is a concentrated solution has a relatively large amount of solute in the solution. And a dilute solution has a relatively large amount of solvent in the solution and little solute.=

2. The difference between a strong and a weak acid solution is in a strong acid solution the forward reaction dominates and HA completely reacts with water. In a weak acid solution the reverse reaction dominates and HA is a weak acid.

3. What is present in the solutions are an acid( HA/ HB) and the ions H+, A-, and B-. .

=__Assignment 10: Biomolecules__=

__Carbohydrates__:

1. Carbohydrates are made of Carbon, two Hydrogens, and an oxygen atom(CH2O).They are constructed from simple sugars.

2. Carbohydrates provide fuel for the body and give it energy. They do this by breaking down into Glucose molecules and then they body absorbs the glucose and makes it energized.

3. Two examples of Carbohydrates are breads and fruits(frucrose).

__Proteins__:

1. Proteins are made up of amino acids, Alanines and Leucines. Or Carbons, Hydrogens,and Nitrogens.

2. The function Of proteins in the body is to build muscle and in the form of enzymes to speed up chemical reactions in the body. They do this by acting as a catalyst causing the reaction to speed up because otherwise it would go to slow at our body temeprature. The same thing works for proteins to they help our muscles repair faster.

3. Two examples of Proteins are peanut butter, and eggs.

__Nucleic Acids__:

1. Nucleic Acids are made up of nucleotides. These Nucleotides break down into three parts a nitrogen containing organic base, a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group.

2. The function of Nucleic Acids is when a cell divides it transmits vital information about what it is to the next generation of cells. This is due to Nucleic Acids.

3. Two examples of Nucleic Acids are DNA and RNA

__Lipids__:

1. Lipids are composed of 4 groups Fats hich are made of trihydroxyl alcohol. Phosolipids which are composed of esters of glycerol. Waxes which are esters but do not have monohydroxyl alcohols. And Steroids which have Carbon Rings.

2. What Lipids do for the body is they give the body chlosterol and help stimulate the bodies hormones. They give the body chlosterol by being absorbed by the body in to the blood stream. Viamin D is a fat soluble vitamin so it takes time to break down in the body. And they hel stimulate hormones by being absorbed by the nerves and the brain and being sent to the body.

3. Two examples of lipids are testosterone and vitamin D