Nick+C

=Biomolecules= __Carbohydrates__- made of sugars, starches, and cellulose. Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms. They store energy in glycogen, or starches for the human body. They also help to build body tissues and help your blood to clot. An example is sugar, bread and pasta. __Proteins__- Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen. It can act as a catalyst in some reactions in the body, it helps retain cell shape, and can act as hormones to regulate the bodies growth. Examples are muscles and amino acids. __Lipids__- Are made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. They can store energy and act as a hormone to regulate metabolism. An example is Cholesterol. __Nucleic Acid__s- Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. They help in Mitosis and Meiosis. They help transmit genetic information. Examples are DNA and RNA.

=Equilibrium Questions= Once a chemical system has reached equilibrium the concentrations stay constant is because the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the reverse reaction which also means if the forward reaction decreases the reverse reaction increases by the same amount of the forward reaction's decrease. Which means the concentration stays constant. The reactions are still dynamic though because even though the concentration or ratio stay the same the two sides are still moving.

= = =Equilibriums= The example I like to think of is the offensive and defensive line in football. The two lines push and shove each other each gaining a little ground only to be pushed back. So that overall there is no net change. The only time there is an overall net change is when something extra happens. Like a linebacker blitzing. Chemical equilibrium is the state in which the chemical activities or concentrations of the reactants and products have no net change over time. Which is like the line not moving, but if something is added to the equilibrium it can change the overall net change, like the linebacker blitzing. =Reaction Rates Affected= [|Chemistry Tutorial Video] The video covers Catalysts, Temperature, Concentration, and Surface Area. The video is by Mark Rosengarten and it is at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tb8n0R2P70.

Solubility- the property of a gaseous, liquid, or solid called a solute to to dissolve in a liquid solvent. When the temperature increase the solubility increase because the particles are moving faster so they spread the particles of the solute faster. Stirring also increases the solubility rate because it gets the particle to move around more and spread more. Larger surface area increases solubility for the same reason. Rate of Dissolution- the rate at which things dissolve. The solubility is Kinetic and the Rate of Dissolution is thermodynamic. = = = = =Oil Spills= One of the major oil spill treatments is Bioremediation Accelerator. It acts as an accelerated herding agent that collects the oil molecules in the water and on the surface. it does this by using Oleophilic, which is a " hydrophobic chemical, containing no bacteria, which chemically and physically bonds to both soluble and insoluble hydrocarbons." (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill). Ships have begun to use double hulling to prevent the spill of oil in case of a collision or grounding. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =Physical Properties of Water= The density of water is one g/cc. Compared to other molecules this is moderate, because water is actually towards the middle for densities of molecules it is used to measure/compare other molecules' densities. Density is a physical property of matter defined as a relative heaviness to objects with a constant volume. http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/120Adensity.html http://www.ozh2o.com/h2phys.html
 * Solubility vs. Rate of Dissolution**

The surface tension of water compared to other molecules is more towards the middle but it leans to being moderately high. Surface tension is how well the particles of that solution stick together. Water's particles stick together well because of the the bonds that form between the oxygen atom and the two hydrogen atoms. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tension

The heat of fusion is 333.55 J/g which is very high for most molecules. "The heat of fusion is the amount of thermal energy which must be absorbed or evolved for 1 mole of a substance to change states from a solid to a liquid or vice versa." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy_of_fusion

The boiling point is 100 degrees C at 1 atm. This is a moderate boiling point temperature and many molecules have a similar boiling point. "Boiling Point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point

The speed of sound through it is 1480 m/s when the temperature is at 293 K. For a liquid that value is unusually high but some elements have similar transference of sound characteristics. The speed of sound is the phase velocity of a speed wave. http://www.answers.com/topic/speed-of-sound http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Sound/speedinmaterials.htm

[|Ted Talk]
The reason I chose this article is because my dad is a doctor specifically an Anesthesiologist and he used to work on people that needed transplants. He once talked about how easily a transplant could be screwed up. So I know how much an alternative would help for transplants. The talk goes into the science behind manufacturing and regenerating organs. Its example is that they can talk a part of a bladder about the size of half of a postage stamp and make a full size bladder. The way they do it is they take the two types of cells from the small piece and separate them then multiply them. Until they have many cells of both types. They then apply the cells to a scaffold, a type of mold for the shape, and the bladder starts to grow. They apply many layers and once the layers are finished they exercise the organ. Then they place it in the body and the scaffold decomposes leaving just the organ. This is amazing science because it does not need embryos for cells and it can save many lives. I learned that the body does regenerate but only at very small distances and if we can take advantage of that we can help cure injuries and disease.

=Three Examples of Gas Laws=

http://img.en.china.cn/0/0,0,150,18253,300,456,32eafb5e.jpg This is a keg usually used for beer but also other beverages. It utilizes the difference in pressure from inside the keg to outside to allow the beverage to be poured through a hose. The pressure pushes the drink out because it wants to have the same pressure as outside the keg.

http://www.physics.byu.edu/faculty/rees/360/Four_stroke_cycle_compression.jpg The picture shows where the combustion happens in an engine. The way it works is a certain volume of air and gasoline are mixed and then compressed under extreme pressure. The gas is then ignited causing the temperature to go up and the gas' volume expand. This all works together to drive a piston up and down.

http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/physicalsci/images/s7.weather_balloon.jpg A weather balloon measures pressure and temperature to predict weather. It can measure the pressure at one time the second pressure later and the temperature at one point and predict the temperature later. Using pressure and temperature can help predictions of the weather.