Jon+F

** __Carbohydrates__ __Proteins__ __Lipids__ __Nucleic Acids__ 1. Nucleic Acids are made out of Carbon, Hydrogen, sugars, and phosphates. 2. Nucleic Acids play an essential role in both Mitosis and Meiosis. As DNA, nucleic acids are used to store and transmit genetic information. DNA is also used to determine the structure of cells in the body. 3. Examples of Nucleic Acids
 * Wiki Assignments #10-Biomolecules
 * 1) Carbohydrates are made out of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms.
 * 2) Carbohydrates store energy in glycogen, or starches for the Human body. They are also used in building and maintaining common body tissues. Some carbohydrates even help in the growth process of bacteria that help with the body’s digestion process.
 * 3) Examples of Carbohydrates
 * monosaccharide
 * disaccharides
 * 1) Proteins are made out of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen
 * 2) Proteins can act as catalysts in certain chemical reactions in the human body. Some proteins can also act as hormones and help to regulate bodily processes.
 * 3) Examples of Proteins
 * Insulin
 * Hemoglobin
 * 1) Lipids are made out Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms. There is usually a higher concentration of C-H bonds than other bonds within the molecule.
 * 2) There are a couple of functions that Lipids perform in the body. One function of a lipid, like cholesterol, is its ability to store energy. Lipids also help to form membranes around various cells in our body. A third function is their ability to act as vitamins and hormones to help regulate the body’s metabolism.
 * 3) Examples of lipids in the body
 * Phospholipids
 * Cholesterol
 * DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
 * RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Wiki Assignments #9- Concentrated vs. Dilute and Strong vs. Weak

1) A concentrated solution is a solution that that contains a large amount of a certain substance relative to the total amount of the solution. A dilute solution, on the other hand, contains a relatively low amount of a certain substance compared to the total amount of the solution. 2) The strength of an acid depends on how well it dissociates in water. If the acid is stronger, more of the molecules dissociate into their ions in water. If is weaker than less of the molecules are able to dissociate in water.



Wiki Assignments #8- Equilibrium 2 1) Once a chemical system has reached equilibrium, the rate of the forward reactions equal the rate of the reverse reactions. As a result of the same rate of reactions, the net concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant, even though the reactions do not stop. Generally, when observing systems at equilibrium, people imagine the concentrations of the reactants and the products to stay the same because there is no net change between them. Even though the total net concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant, forward and reverse reactions are continuously occurring, allowing the system to be dynamically changing. 2) To write an equilibrium expression, you must first find what the reactants are and what the products are in a balanced chemical equation. Then you put the reactants and products into a ratio of concentration of products over concentration of reactants. In the balanced chemical equation, if there are coefficients they become the exponents of those same concentrations in the equilibrium expression.

3) __Heterogeneous__ __Homogeneous__  Examples of Heterogeneous and Homogeneous equations [|**found at**]
 * H2 (g) + F2 (g) 2HF (g) - [HF]2 / [H2] [F2]
 * N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g) - [NH3]2 / [N2][H2]3
 * N2 (g) + 3Br2 (g) 2NBr3 (g) - [NBr3] / [N2][Br2]3
 * 2SO2 (g) + O2 2SO3 (g) - [SO3]2 / [SO2]2 [O2]
 * H2O (g) + C (s) H2 (g) + CO (g) - [H2][CO] / [H2O][C]

A fountain can be thought of as a system at equilibrium because the water that is traveling through the pipes and the water in the pool section do not have a net change in their amount of water. A chemical equilibrium can be defined as a dynamic state where the concentrations of all reactants and products remain constant in a closed system. The water that is traveling though the pipes can be thought of as the reactant, and the water in the pool section may be thought of as the product. Like a chemical equilibrium, the rate that the water is being sucked into the tubes equals the rate that the water is forced out through the top. Although there is no net change in the amount of water in the two sections, there is a constant flow of water between them. Also, like most chemical equilibriums, there is a difference in the concentration of water between the two sections of the closed system at equilibrium
 * Wiki Assignments #7- Equilibrium**


 * Wiki Assignments #5- Investigating Solubility and Immiscibility**

Immiscibility It is important to clean up oil spills because of the amount of destruction they cause on the environment. Groups such as [|ITOPF] and [|NOAA] employ a variety of different strategies to help clean up oil spills and reduce the effect they have on the ecosystem.

__ Fire- __Burning, or In-situ burning, involves lighting the spilled oil on fire as a means to remove it from the surface of the water. This method is only done in certain circumstances because of the fumes that are released and damage the flames can cause to the wildlife in the area. __Booms and Skimmers__- Booms are used to gather the oil in a more concentrated amount and to prevent further spreading of the oil. They collect the oil for skimmers, which are specially designed boats that attempt to remove the oil from the water. This is a very ineffective method of oil removal because of the amount of dispersion the oil doesin the amount of time it takes to implement the booms. Also there are multiple difficulties in the operating of skimmers through the oil. __ Dispersants- __ This method of oil removal involves using chemicals to break down the oil so that it can be dispersed throughout the oil where it can be further biodegraded by micro-organisms.


 * [[image:http://www.itopf.com/spill-response/clean-up-and-response/dispersants/images/dispersants_diagram_000.jpg width="228" height="310" align="middle" caption="chemical dispersion process"]] ||  ||  //A: Dispersant droplets containing surfactants are sprayed onto the oil. B: The solvent carries the surfactant into the oil. C: The surfactant molecules migrate to the oil/water interface and reduce surface tension, allowing D: small oil droplets to break away from the slick. E: The droplets disperse by turbulent mixing, leaving only sheen on the water surface//

(Picture and desctiption of pictutre found on [|ITOPF] website) ||  || Solubility vs. Rate of Dissolution __Solubility - __ the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a liquid solvent to form a homogeneous solution. ([|Definition from]) Neither stirring the solution, nor changing the surface tension have an affect on the solubility because they do not affect the amount of solute that can be dissolved into it. Changing the temperature either increases or decreases speed of the molecules which changes the solubility of the solution. When the temperature is increased the molecules move faster also increasing the distance between the particles. This increased space allows for more solute to be dissolved into the solution. __Rate of Dissolution__ - the rate at which a solid or liquid forms a homogeneous mixture with a solvent ([|**Definition from**]) Similar to the solubility of a solution, as the temperature increases the faster a solute can be dissolved into a solution. Stirring the solution increases the surface area of the solute by exposing more of it to the solution. With more of the solute exposed to the solution more of the solute can dissolve at one time, increasing the solution’s rate of disolution.

Propertiesof water 1) Water has a higher surface tension then many other common fluids. Surface tension is the property that allows a substance, such as water, to be attracted to another surface. Surfaces tension allows water to stick against walls and other surfaces without falling off.
 * Wiki Assignments #4- Wonderful Water**

2) Compared to other molecules, water has a high specific heat. Having a higher specific heat allows the substance to absorb more energy before it becomes hot.

3) Water is the only substance on Earth that naturally occurs as a solid, liquid, and a gas.

4) As a result of the hydrogen bonding that occurs in water molecules, water is able to stay in a liquid form throughout a larger range of temperatures then most other naturally occurring substances (0°C to 100°C). Because of the stronger bond created by the hydrogen bonding, water molecules are able to stay connected to each other for higher temperatures.

5) Although water changes from acidic to basic depending on the substances that are dissolved into it, it has a neutral pH in its pure form. PH is a scale that is used to determine the alkalinity or acidity of a substance from its concentration of hydrogen ions. Most other molecules are either acids or basic because they have either a low or a high pH level, making water unique.

Information was found at []

Global warming Our atmosphere is mostly made up of the gases nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2) and Argon (Ar). These gases allow radiant energy, or light, to pass through them in either direction. When radiant energy from the sun reaches the earth, the earth becomes warm. Because of this warmth, the earth reemits the energy as infrared waves. Some gases with three or more elements, such as CO2 or CH4, are called “greenhouse gasses,” and are able to move and bend at frequencies similar to those of the infrared waves. As a result of these similar frequencies, the greenhouse gases absorb the infrared waves and usually reemit them back in the same direction. These infrared waves that are reflected back at the earth are one of the main contributing factors to why global warming is occurring.
 * Wiki Assignments #3- A Global Warming?**

List of statements heard
 * Many polar bears are dying because of their loss of habitat due to the melting glaciers.
 * The oceans are rising because of the melted glaciers.
 * The earth is heating at an almost uncontrollable rate.

**Gay-Lussac's Law -** When using a propane tank, the tank becomes cold and can even collect frozen condensation along the outside. Gay-Lussac's Law states that if the volume remains constant, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. While using the propane, you are decreasing the amount of particles inside the tank causing fewer collisions. The fewer the collisions a gas has against the walls, the lower the pressure will be. As a result of this lowered pressure, the temperature must also lower because of their direct proportion.
 * Wiki Assignments #2- Gas Laws**

**Boyle’s Law -** When blowing air into a balloon the balloon’s volume increases, and when releasing air the volume of the balloon decreases. This is due to Boyle’s Law, which states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. When you add air into a balloon you are causing more particles to collide, thus creating a larger force exerted against the walls. As a result of this larger force exerted there is a larger pressure inside the balloon. and because the walls of the balloon are flexible they expand due to the increased pressure inside the balloon.

**Charles’ Law-** If you bring a balloon into a warmer room, the balloon will expand, and if you bring a balloon into a colder room the balloon will shrink. Charles’ law states that if the number of particles remains constant, the volume of the gas is directionally proportional to its temperature. When you increase the temperature of a gas, the gas has more energy, causing the particles to move faster. Because the particles are moving faster, there is a larger pressure exerted on the balloon. The volume of the balloon increases because of this greater pressure.

//[|Eric Giler demos wireless electricity]// For me, this talk stood out because I had previously heard about this technology but was unsure of how it worked. I also chose this video because the thought of not having to worry about dealing with any more wires and still have my electronics charge was very appealing, and I wanted to know how it worked.
 * Wiki Assignments #1- TED Talk**

The basic design of this device includes an electromagnetic coil attached to a capacitor. The process involves taking electricity and turning it into a magnetic field, then “strongly coupling” it with a separate device. Once the two devices are coupled, magnetic energy is transferred between the two. Once magnetic energy is transferred to the device, it converts it back into electrical energy. By causing this device to pulse at “alternating current frequencies,” you are able to have a similar device that only works at that same frequency “strongly couple” with the first device, allowing for resonance to occur. This resonance is crucial because it allows for a much more efficient energy transfer between the two objects, and little energy transferred to other objects at different frequencies. Along with the PLUS of not having to deal with cords, it is very safe for both the user and his electronic device because it deals with magnetic fields, and not radiation.

Before watching this video I thought that it might have something to do with radiation because I could not think of any other possibility how electricity would be sent wirelessly. This video was very simple in its explanation of how the process actually worked, while still being very informative. This new technology made me think about the many household applications, and how much easier it would make life.