Gino+L

=Wiki Assighnment #10- Biomolecules= 1) A molecule is made up of many atoms that is held together by strong chemical bonds, and depending on what the different atoms make up a molecule there are different substances formed. It all depends on the chemical make up of the molecules which is dependent on the types of atoms making up the molecule (MOLECULE=PART OF MATTER).

2) Based on what type of molecule that is in your body- does different things in your body. For one many molecules and atoms make up our bodies and all the muscules and organs in them. In such cases of carbohydrates they store nutrients and energy in the body, which you need for sports and other activites (Energy/ nutrients are needed for your muscules and organs to function properly). With the biomolecule ones they help your body function properly which leads to good health.

3) Two examples of the biomolecule groups are: carbohydrates and proteins. Like I said before carbohydrates store nutrients and energy for the body. Proteins are another group that is important for the body to function. Proteins are needed for repairing body tissues and suppling energy to the mucsles and organs for them to function properly.

=Wiki Assignment #9 - Concentrated vs Dilute and Strong vs Weak= 1) The difference between a concentrated and a dilute solution would be that in a concentrated solution there is a relatively large amount of solute in the solution. While in a dilute solution there is a relatively large amount of solvent in the solution (little solute).

2) The difference between a strong and a weak acid would be that a strong acid completely reacts with water (HA)- the final amounts when the forward reaction dominates there is alot and equal amount of H+ and A- in the solution. A weak acid would be when the reverse reaction dominates and say the initial amount of HA is a cetain amount it will be about the same in the final amounts- there would only be a little amount of H+ and A- in the solution. **Strong acid- lots of dissociation**, with a **weak acid little dissociation**.

3)Descriptions: A concentrated solution of a strong acid would be: (Forward reaction) initial amount of HA (acid) and lots of this, the final amounts/contents in the container (where the solution is in- will contain a lot of H+ and A- that would be very close together in the beaker. A concentrated solution of a weak acid would be: (reverse reaction) a lot of the initial amount of HA that would not dissociate that much so there would still be a lot of HA in the solution and not to much individual substances of H+ and A-. There would be HA in the solution as well as H+ and A- and a lot of these substances. A dilute solution of a strong acid would be a forward reaction-lots of dissociation just that you wouldn't have a lot of the HA substance to begin with so there would be that much of the overall solution in the container as there would be in a concentrated solution- the H+ and the A- substances/molecules would be spread out in the solution. Lastly, for a dilute solution for a weak acid would again not have as much HA substance to begin with and as some of the solution dissociates into the individual H+ and A- substances/molecules the solution in the container would have HA and H+ and A- spread out more because there is not as much as in the concentrated solution. = = =Wiki Assignment #8 - Equilibrium 2= 1) Once in a chemical system has reached equilibrium the products and the reactants remain constant over time because the reactions- both forward and reverse do not stop when equilibrium is reached. Both forward and reverse reactions continue at equilibrium, they are happening at the same rate which results in no net change in the concentration of the solution. The consistancy of the concentration not with our picture of equilibrium being dynamic because as the forward and reverse reactions are happening there is no change in the concentration of the solution since the reactions are happening at the same rate. This is why we can say that the concentration does not change at equilibrium and does not change once equilibrium is reached. 2) To write the equilibrium expression (mass- action expression) for a balanced chemical reaction/ equation is: looking at the different substances- looking to see what state they are in. This is important because only gas state substances are included in the equilibrium expression, both solids and liquids are not included. To write and expression- which is the right side of the double arrows (forward and reverse reactions) substances go on top that are divided/ over the left side substances. Remembering only gas state substances are included in the expression. Some examples would be: 8O (g) dble arrws 2O (g) + 6O (g) Expressions: K= [O]^2[O]^6

[O]^8

Br (g) dble arrws Br (g) K= [Br]

[Br]

N2 (g) dble arrws N (g) + O (g) K= [N2]

[N][O]

3) Examples of both homogeneous (1 state of matter through out the chemical equation) and heterogeneous (involves more than one state):

Ca3 (s) dble arrws Ca2 (s) + CO (g) K= [CO]

Br2 (g) dble arrws Br2 (g) K= [Br2]

[Br2]

SO5(g) dble arrws H2O (l) + NO2 (g) K= [NO2]

[SO5]

Wiki Assignment #7- Equilibrium By definition equilibrium is the exact balancing of two processes, one of which is opposite of the other. An example would be a fountain of some sort or even a chocolate fondue fountain. This would be an example of an equilibrium system because as the chocolate fondue fountain flows -- the chocolate gets pumped up and comes out the top and funnels its way down the structure of the fountain. From draining from a large bowl at the bottom gets pumped to the top and the whole process starts all over again. An important factor in a system such as this would be that the process of the system being at equilibrium is dependent on if none of the chocolate is taken out/eaten. This matches the chemical equilibrium defintion stating that in a dynamic state the where the concentrations of all the reactants and products remain constant. This being that the reactants being the chocolate being sucked into the pump and the products being the chocolate flowing from the top. This is constant, being that the reactants and products remain constant (in amount) and are the same rate- the same amount being both pumped and sucked in and the same rate that these actions are happening. There is no change in the rate of the reaction happening between the reactants and products and the amount of the reactants and products dont change unless some of the chocolate is taken out of the system.
 * __Equilibrium Example:__**

[] =Wiki Assignment #5- __Immiscibility__ &Solubility versus Rate of Dissolution= Information from cites: [|Oil Spill- Limit Effects and Clean Up],[|Solubilty],[|Rate of Dissolution Def],[|Stirring and Dissolving]


 * __Explanation:__**

1) Due to the property of Immiscibility- that oil floats/ sits on the surface of water there are some ways to clean up and oil spil and minimize it's effects on wildlife as well. There are a few ways to deal with an oil spill that I will describe in the following: first you could just leave the oil alone and let it break down by natural means- this is a good idea if it will not harm and coastal or marine life or food industries for that matter. The wind, sun and current will take care of most of the oil. A second way is that you could just contain the oil spill until you can remove the oil in some way such as natural break up of the oil. To contain the oil by large booms- as they are called like floating fences as I would call them. They hold the oil together as a big blob so it doesn't disperse and contaminate any more water or marine life. A third way once the oil has been contained, using dispersants to break up the oil to increasing thenatural break up of the oil spill. Dispersants reduce the surface tension- reason why oil sits on the surface of the water and helps stop the oil from mixing. Dipersants are not effective at all locations so other means of break up should be used.

2) Definition of Solubility: is the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a certain amount of solvent of a solution that is at a certain/ specified temperature. Definition of Rate of Dissolution: the rate at which a substance dissolves in a solution. Temperature, stirring, and surface area affect each concept- Solubility and Rate of Dissolution by that: stirring increases the area of which the substance with cover, thus increasing the rate of dissolution. Stirring also increases the surface area of the substance, because as the substance is stirred it spreads out. Temperature also affects the rate of dissolution because as the molecules increase in speed do the relationship between temperature and average kinetic energy the molecules spread out, dissolving into the solution. This affects solubility because depending on the temperature- the amount of solute varies, with surface area and stirring the amount of solute in the solution that can be dissolved depends on how much stirring that you do- which directly affects the surface area of the substance. =Wiki Assignment #4- Water Properties= Information from cites: [|Water Properties- #'s 1-3], [|Surface Tension- #3],[|Water Properties #3-5]

 1.) Heat Capacity-- Boils at 212 degrees F (100 degrees Celsius) and compared to other molecules water has a very high boiling point. This is due to the high specific heat that water has. In other words it takes a lot longer time, and higher temperature for water to begin to boil.
 * __Explanations /Physical Properties: __**

2.) 3 Forms (solid liquid and gas) -- In a solid form (after water freezes), ice is formed it is less dense than in a liquid state which is the reason why ice floats in water. Compared to other molecules I believe that is one of the only ones that have this property so it is low in comparison to other molecules. This is because as volume increases density decreases allowing water in the solid form to float also deals with the structure of the ice. 3) Surface Tension-- Very high surface tension. In other words it is sticky and elastic because water tends to stay in clumps (droplets) instead of spreading out. Compared to other molecules I believe that this is moderate in comparing this physical property. This is because hydrogen bonds give water a high surface tension and this property of molecules sticking together is called cohesion. 4.) Acts a solvent-- can dissolve many different substances. Compared to other molecules this is very high and this is because of the properties within the bonding of the water molecule. Water can be recovered after being used a solvent such a dissolving salt in water. 5.) Conductivity-- ability of a molecules/ substance to carry an electric charge through it. Water has a very high conductivity compared to other molecules due to the molecular structure of water and other properties it has. That’s why when it’s lightening out when you are on a lake it’s a good idea to get off because of this physical property.


 * Wiki Assignment #3- Greenhouse Effect**

Information ctgotten from Life in Greenhouse.phf. **__Explanations:__**
=Wiki Assignment #2- Ideal Gas Laws= ==Information:[|Boyle's Law Demonstration], [|Charles Law Demonstration], [|Gay- Lussac's Law]==
 * 1) The greenhouse effect is when greenhouse gases allow light to enter and are transparent to the lower frequency light reflected back to the atmosphere that is warmed by the sun. Light can be described as as waves of radiant energy that varies in frequency and in wavelength. Radiant energy passes through molucules- of gases such as oxygen and nitrogen. Much of the radiant energy emitted by the sun is absorbed by the earth, then warm objects emitt infrared energy. All molecules vibrate ( an atom contains a positively charged nucleus and a negatively charged electron cloud around it- when two or more atoms bond the electron clouds cover the entire molecule) and when there is only two atoms bonded the postive and negative molecules distribute evenly. This is for molecules such as oxygen and nitrogen, which means that the molecue vibrates by stretching back and forth (negatively charged that is the electron cloud particles). If there is more then two atoms in a molecule then they vibrate by either wiggling or bending. This has to do with enegy capture because since all moleculese vibrate at the same frequency, and if the radiant energy is the same frequency as the vibrating molecule it absorbs the energy. This then could increase the vibrating energy of the molecule. The Earth's surface after absorbing the energy (infrared) is emitted and the greenhouse gases absorb this energy, and as they stretch and bend they emitt this energy into the atmosphere. This energy is released back at the Earth's surface, atmosphere in general and in random directions.
 * 2) Some statements/ opinions that i have heard: (1) that global warming is caused by the burning of fossil fuels (CO2), (2) that global warming has been caused by natural causes, and (3) that ice caps in Antartica/ Artic are melting due to increasing temperatures in the atmosphere.


 * __Explanation:__**

For the video on a demonstration of Boyle's Law this is a good examlpe of this law. In this video the experiement shows- in a vaccum sealed container (jar) pipets that are in a beaker that are filled with different food coloring. When the air in the jar is released the pressure decreases which then makes the volume of the air in the pipets to increase. This then causes the food coloring to be pushed out of the pipet. This would be an example of a pressure to volume relationship.

The second video is on Charles Law and i think this video is a good example of this law. This video shows a chemists showing Charles Law when he pours liquid nitrogen on to the blown up glove- acts like a ballon. When he does this he expains that the ballon gets brittle, and shrinks- (gets smaller) because as the temperature decreases then the volume decreases- direct realtionship. Also when taking the ballon hand out of the container some of the air in one of the fingers actually liquified. This would be an example of a volume to temperature realationship.

The third video is on all three of the videos above which includes Gay- Lussac's law. This law basicly states that increasing the temperature of the gas increases the average kinetic energy of the gas. As the gas particles in the container mover faster they will colide more often with the container and other particles which leads to higher pressure. In this video the demostrater uses different experiments to show the different gas laws- how they apply to real life. He uses ballons beakers and other materials to prove the laws right. = = =Wiki Assignment #1-TED Talk= =[|Information: Video Fastest Animals]= = =
 * __Why I chose this topic:__**

This video seemed very interesting to me to learn about some of the fastest animals and the movements of these animals. I also just wanted to learn in general about these fast moving animals.


 * __What talk was all about:__**

This scientist/researcher talked about the Mantus Shrimp and how it attacks the dead shrimp/snail very quickly. It moves very fast beacase as Sheila Patek explains the original video cameras couldn't film the Mantus Shrimp because it moved so fast. It filmed was a 5,000 frames per second and slowed down and 330 frames per second, yet it is still fast. The Mantus Shrimp uses a muscle contration system to strike it pray (with its arm/limb). It looks like a saddle but acts like a spring- compressing and extending at the prey. Next she talks about how she measured the force a Mantus Shrimp by putting a measuring device in a tank with the Shrimp. This with shrimp paste on it attracted the shrimp and the Mantus Shrimp hit it which produced a big amount of force for the size of the shrimp. Lastly showed the force and speed of the Mantus' shrimps strike when let the shrimp attack the snail it causes a spark of light- then the shell colapses.


 * __Reaction/ What I learned:__**

There was a lot of things that i learned from this talk such as what is a Mantus Shrimp to the defining features of this animal. I thought it was so fascnating how such a small animal could produce that much force and how the spring on the arm of the shrimp can strike so fast and crake snail shells. Probably the neatest thing that i learned was when the Mantus Shrimp hit its prey a small spark of light is produced. Overall it was a very good video.