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Wiki Assignment 10: Biomolecules

1. Chemically, carbohydrates are organic molecules in which carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen bond together in the ratio: Cx(H2O)y, where x and y are whole numbers that differ depending on the specific carbohydrate to which one is referring.
 * Carbohydrates**
 * 2.** Carbohydrates are what your body primarily uses for energy. When your body needs energy, it will find your glucose stores, which come from the carbohydrates you eat. They also help protect your muscles, regulate your blood sugar and help to lower your cholesterol.
 * 3.** Glucose and fructose.

1.** Proteins are organic commpounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and folded into a globular form.
 * Proteins
 * 2.** Protein is necessary for the building and repair of body tissues. It produces enzymes, hormones, and other substances the body uses. It regulates body processes, such as water balancing, transporting nutrients, and making muscles contract.
 * 3.** Keratin and elastin.

1.** Lipids are a vast collection of fats.oils,waxes, and fat soluble vitamins found in the human body. They are in soluble in water and contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
 * Lipids
 * 2.** Lipids give the body structure and gives the body energy. Control vitamin and hormone usage.
 * 3.** Fats and oils.

1.** A nucleic acid is a macromolecule made from nucleotide chains. In biochemistry these molecules carry genetic information or form structures within cells
 * Nucleic Acids
 * 2.** Nucleic acids are found in RNA and DNA and help determine our bodily genes.
 * 3.** DNA and RNA.

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Wiki Assignment 9: Concentrated vs. Dilute and Strong vs Weak

1. Concentrated solutions have a large amount of solute in the solution and the dilute solution has less, There is a greater amount of solute than solvent in concentrated solutions. An example for concentrated solution would be really strong tasting kool aid. There is a lot of solute powder in the solvent water.

2. Strong acids are very reactive and can dissociate quicker than weak acids. A complete reaction with water occurs when a strong acid is added. Strong acids completely break into individual ions. Weak acids break into less individual ions and some bonds remain unbroken. Weak acids also have almost no reaction to water.

3.

Wiki Assignment 8; Equilibrium 2

1.The concentrations of reactants and products stay the same in equilibrium because the forward and reverse reaction rates are the same. There is actually no more reactant or product added the the system. The chemical equilibrium is balancing by shifting the concentrations of the reactant or product already present in the system. The total concentration of the system remains constant. 2. Equilibrium expression are written depending on the system. Homogeneous equilibrium has everything in the same phase so the equation has everything present. Heterogeneous equilibrium has things in different phases but only the gases and aqueous components are written.


 * //Examples//**



3.
 * Heterogeneous:**


 * Homogeneous:



WEBSITE USED: []**

Wiki Assignment 7: Equilibrium

My example for an equilibrium system is in the process of donating plasma from blood. The blood leaving the body is the same amount as the blood entering back into the body. The only difference is that the plasma has been removed. The same amount of blood remains in the body throughout the whole process. Chemical equilibrium is the balancing of two processes with one of the processes being opposite to the other. So in my example the blood lost is equal to the blood returned. Blood going in is the opposite of blood leaving, thus creating a balance.

Wiki Assignment 6: Reaction Rates -The reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and hydrochloric acid Na2S2O3+2Hcl-->2NaCl+H20+S+SO2 The sodium thiosulfate being diluted causes the precipate to take longer to form. With less molecules in the solution, the lower the chance that they will hit each other and react. By lowering the concentraion of the sodium thiosulfate it is taking longer for the reaction to occur. [] []
 * Concentration**

-Glow sticks that are warm give off more light than glow sticks that are cold. The chemiluminescent reaction in glow sticks can be greater if the temperature is increased because the molecules have more energy and are able to move around more often and collide with more force. With the molecules moving more, the chances they hit become higher and when they do hit it is very powerful. The same works in the opposite direction of cooling the glowstick to slow down the reaction. This is because the molecules have less energy and do not collide as fast. [] []
 * Temperature**

-Using Platinum to make Sulfur Trioxide from Sulfur Dioxide and Oxygen. The Sulfur Trioxide is used to make Sulfuric Acid for car batteries. The molecules of Sulfur Trioxide and Oxygen both get stuck to the Platinum catalyst. They get held closer together and have a higher chance of reacting with eachother. The catalyst Platinum allows for this reaction to occur with a faster reaction rate. []
 * Catalyst**

-Fine sugar crystals dissolve faster than big sugar crystals in Kool-Aid and coffee for example. This is because the area of places for reactions has been increased. The fine sugar covers a larger area and allows more room for the reaction to occur. Reaction rates increase as the surface area increases. This is because the product and reactant have more contact area. [] []
 * Surface Area**

Wiki Assignment 5: Investigating Solubility and Immiscibility 1. When oil spills, they begin by placing booms, which are floating barriers, that prevent the oil from spreading over the ocean more. With the booms containing the oil, the skimmers can begin to clean it up off the surface. Then they use chemical dispertants that help break down the oil so it is less harmful to the environment. Lastly in-situ burning is used on fresh spills to remove oil more quickly from the site. []

2. Solubility is the quantity of a particular substance that can dissolve in a particular solvent. Rate of dissolution is the speed at which a substance dissolves or breaks down. It is the process by which a liquid, solid, or gas is dispersed homogeneously in a gas, solid, or liquid.

__Solubility__ Raising Temperature: Increase in solid, decrease in gas and liquid Increasing Surface Area: No effects More Stirring: No effect

__Rate of Dissolution__ Raising Temperature: Increased rate Increasing Surface Area: Increased rate More Stirring: Increased rate

[|wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn] []

Wiki Assignment 4 Wonderful Water 1.Water has a high specific heat of 373 Kelvin compared to other molecules. Specific heat is the amount of energy required to change the temperature of a substance. 2. Water has a high surface tension compared to other molecules. It is 73 dynes/cm at 20 degrees Celsius. Surface tension is a phenomenon at the surface of a liquid caused by intermolecular forces. This allows water to form together to create water droplets and puddles. 3. Water has a freezing point of 0 degrees Celcius at 1 atm. The temperature is high compared to other molecules. Water is the only molecule that has the highest volume in the solidified ice form. 4. Water is the only molecule found in all states. Liquid water, solid ice, and gas steam. No other molecule has the ability to take all forms of matter. Solid has a definite shape and volume, liquid has a definite volume but takes the shape of the container its in, and gas fills the entire volume of a container. 5. Water has the second highest heat conduction at 293 Kelvin. Only mercury has a higher heat conduction. Heat conductivity is the transfer of thermal energy between neighboring molecules in a substance due to a temperature gradient.

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Wiki Assignment 3 Skipped

Wiki Assignment 2 February 6th, 2010 1. The first gas law is in the process of opening a can of soda. The bottling factory adds extra carbon dioxide in the can to make sure that the soda will obsorve some over time. This creates a high pressure inside the can. When the can is opened the extra carbon dioxide rushes out to help balance the pressure. The carbon dioxide molecules are moving faster because they have more energy inside the can creating the higher pressure. 2. The second example is a fire extinguisher. The extinguisher is pressurized with carbon dioxide inside. When the valve is opened, all the pressure is released as the container tries to remain at the regular atmospheric pressure. The molecules outside of the extinguisher are moving slower than inside. 3. The last example is an aerosal can. The can is pressurized so that the pressure inside is higher than the air surrounding it. When given the opportunity to escape, the pressure tries to balance by releasing the air and product out of the can. The high energy inside is trying to balance out and be even with the energy of the air outside.
 * All were taken from [|Website]*

Wiki Assignment 1 January 27th, 2010 [|TED Talk]

I chose this talk because i was interested in learning about the perception of the brain and how we see things. The guy was talking about how we see things based "on past observations". Our brain fills in the balnks of certain things based on what we have seen in the past. A colorless photo can be seen differently if we have already seen it once before with color. Our brains remembers colors and different frequencies. This talk changed my thoughts about optical illusions and how i am seeing things on a day to day basis. The same object may appear to be different becasue it came from two different scenarios. I am going to try and find examples like this in the world today and apply his concept.Wiki Assignment 5: Investigating Solubility and Immiscibility 1. When oil spills, they begin by placing booms, which are floating barriers, that prevent the oil from spreading over the ocean more. With the booms containing the oil, the skimmers can begin to clean it up off the surface. Then they use chemical dispertants that help break down the oil so it is less harmful to the environment. Lastly in-situ burning is used on fresh spills to remove oil more quickly from the site. []

2. Solubility is the quantity of a particular substance that can dissolve in a particular solvent.

[|wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn]

Wiki Assignment 4 Wonderful Water 1.Water has a high specific heat of 373 Kelvin compared to other molecules. Specific heat is the amount of energy required to change the temperature of a substance. 2. Water has a high surface tension compared to other molecules. It is 73 dynes/cm at 20 degrees Celsius. Surface tension is a phenomenon at the surface of a liquid caused by intermolecular forces. This allows water to form together to create water droplets and puddles. 3. Water has a freezing point of 0 degrees Celcius at 1 atm. The temperature is high compared to other molecules. Water is the only molecule that has the highest volume in the solidified ice form. 4. Water is the only molecule found in all states. Liquid water, solid ice, and gas steam. No other molecule has the ability to take all forms of matter. Solid has a definite shape and volume, liquid has a definite volume but takes the shape of the container its in, and gas fills the entire volume of a container. 5. Water has the second highest heat conduction at 293 Kelvin. Only mercury has a higher heat conduction. Heat conductivity is the transfer of thermal energy between neighboring molecules in a substance due to a temperature gradient.

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Wiki Assignment 3 Skipped

Wiki Assignment 2 February 6th, 2010 1. The first gas law is in the process of opening a can of soda. The bottling factory adds extra carbon dioxide in the can to make sure that the soda will obsorve some over time. This creates a high pressure inside the can. When the can is opened the extra carbon dioxide rushes out to help balance the pressure. The carbon dioxide molecules are moving faster because they have more energy inside the can creating the higher pressure. 2. The second example is a fire extinguisher. The extinguisher is pressurized with carbon dioxide inside. When the valve is opened, all the pressure is released as the container tries to remain at the regular atmospheric pressure. The molecules outside of the extinguisher are moving slower than inside. 3. The last example is an aerosal can. The can is pressurized so that the pressure inside is higher than the air surrounding it. When given the opportunity to escape, the pressure tries to balance by releasing the air and product out of the can. The high energy inside is trying to balance out and be even with the energy of the air outside.
 * All were taken from [|Website]*

Wiki Assignment 1 January 27th, 2010 [|TED Talk]

I chose this talk because i was interested in learning about the perception of the brain and how we see things. The guy was talking about how we see things based "on past observations". Our brain fills in the balnks of certain things based on what we have seen in the past. A colorless photo can be seen differently if we have already seen it once before with color. Our brains remembers colors and different frequencies. This talk changed my thoughts about optical illusions and how i am seeing things on a day to day basis. The same object may appear to be different becasue it came from two different scenarios. I am going to try and find examples like this in the world today and apply his concept.